Importance of Software Quality and methods for assessment Essay

Significance of Software Quality and techniques for evaluation - Essay Example The above expressed definitions are starter and significant from alternate points of view; regardless of whether they share the related embodiment. The away from of client needs by programming items by methods for working necessities. Most likely, the product quality straightforwardly influences the activity just as upkeep of programming; anyway the subject of how to fair-mindedly and logically survey programming quality is turning out be a problem area in field of programming building. Programming quality assessment requires a great deal of devoted undertakings which are extremely basic to be performed during programming life cycle and it likewise gives a standard to assessing programming quality that is commonly applied and kept up all through programming advancement methodology and practices. During the whole procedure of programming quality affirmations to get the most extreme quality and execution we need to tirelessly discovered programming quality all through strategies and pr oportions of programming improvement. In the current circumstance, we are required to uncover current status of the product, give compelling and most ideal methods for purchaser, engineer and evaluator and from that point predict follow-up improvement pattern of programming quality (Bawane and Srikrishna, 2008; Aimin and Wenxiang, 2009; Mohanty, 1979).In this segment I will feature a portion of the fundamental perspectives on the product quality confirmation from the viewpoints of various businesses. So in this investigation we will decide a portion of the primary attributes of programming quality affirmation from the perspective of a few partners.

Models For Food Security In India Environmental Sciences Essay

88. By the twelvemonth 2020, India is required to develop as one of the four significant powers known to man, fitting to a review arranged by the World Bank. All things considered, India will non have the option to do a lot of headroom and headway on the supplement security forepart without appearing in cardinal changes in its agribusiness. It is henceforth, basic that the bing designs in agribusiness experience cardinal modifications. This is of import as more than 66% of the populace despite everything rely upon agribusiness. The â€Å" green upset † is simple subsiding and regardless of whether our supplement creation observes a fourfold ascent, there will be numerous children who will in any case suffer sustenance need and inadequacy of equivalent supplement. Fitting to an overview by Prof. Anatoly Kratiger of Cornell University, India ‘s foodgrains final result will hold to dramatically increase from the current degrees so as to take care of the accompanying two coe valss. In this unique situation, it is imperative that our husbandmans are prepared to run into the test. 89. It was clear in any event, during 1966-1968 that except if husbandmans receive ecologically solid engineerings like consolidate wholesome gracefully, incorporated vermin course and logical H2O bearing at that spot will be occupations over the long haul supportability of creation. Consequently Mr Swaminathanan offered the undermentioned expression in his discussion at the Indian Science Congress held in Varanasi in January 1968[ 1 ]: †â€Å" Exploitative agribusiness offers extraordinary perils whenever completed with only a prompt total compensation or creation inspiration. The developing exploitatory cultivating †network in India ought to go conscious of this. Escalated development of land without protection of soil birthrate and earth development would take, at last, to the bouncing up of comeuppances. Water system without understanding for waste would result in soils gaining basic or saline. Unpredictable utilization of pesticides, antifungals and weedkillers could do foreboding adjustments in organic equalization each piece great as lead to an expansion in the occurrence of harmful neoplastic illness and different ailments, through the poisonous deposits present in the grains or other food parts. Informal tapping of subterranean H2O will take to the fast fatigue of this phenomenal capital asset left to us through periods of characteristic agribusiness. The fast supplanting of army privately adjusted col lections with a couple of high-yielding strains in large quick nations would result in the spread of genuine illnesses fit for pass overing out full reaps, as occurred preceding the Irish murphy deficiency of 1854 and the Bengal rice shortage in 1942. In this way, the enlistment of exploitatory agribusiness without a legitimate dread of the various impacts of all of the adjustments brought into conventional agribusiness, and without first building up an appropriate logical and creating base to drag out it, might just take us, in the long count, into an age of horticultural disaster rather than one of rural thriving. † 90. In India, a main part of husbandmans have little maintenances and are helpless against the fancies of nature like drouth and immersions. Against such a foundation, there is an interest to do specific endeavor to build productiveness. Since India is various state with changing scene and A ; natural structures, the innovative answers for its agribusiness will change thusly. To achieve suffering independence at the national and family degrees, undertakings must be established on the standards of monetary achievability, value, wide commitment, and the supportable use of characteristic assets. 91. The exposure of ecotechnology improvement and airing, the strong acknowledgment of join frameworks of cistron and normal assets heading and the viable tackling of data engineerings should go essential components of the â€Å" logical control and building for fundamental human requests † movement in India. 92. To summarize, there is no clasp to slacken up on the supplement creation forepart. Clearly we need to deliver more, however produce it in a mode that there is no unpropitious ecological or cultural effect. Water is probably going to be a genuine restriction. Subsequently, priority ought to be given to creating and appropriating proficient H2O course methods, including spring heading, squander H2O reusing and conjunctive use of surface and downpour H2O. Future rural creation engineerings ought to be founded on the establishment of fuse regular assets bearing. The suggestions given underneath ought to go worked in segment of Indian Agricultural advancement policies.RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIASynergy between Public Policy and Investment93. Huge occasions in our agribusiness like the green transformation in wheat land rice and milk insurgency owe their starting to correspondingly reenforcing, packs of building, administrations and open arrangemen ts. While researchers can create give elevating engineerings, these will non do an effect on creation and productiveness without proper help from open approach and contributing. 94. The wheat upheaval recognized in 1968 through the issue of a specific cast by Smt Indira Gandhi is a legitimate delineation of the intensity of an orchestra assault in planing and executing programs which can help with jumping in the achievement of the desired closures. For outline, the husbandmans in the Indian Fertile Crescent Area comprising Punjab, Haryana and Western UP assisted with expanding wheat creation somewhere in the range of 1964 and 1968 by a request equivalent to that accomplished from the clasp of Mohenjodaro, for example , our husbandmans expanded wheat creation in four mature ages by a measure like that practiced during the originating before 4,000 old ages[ 2 ]. This is a decent representation of the intensity of the musical music assault in the organization of multidimensional innovative work programmes.Land Use Policy95. The interest for a sane and crystalline land use strategy is going apparent from the expanding figure of battles comparable to the procurem ent of ranch land for mechanical and other non ranch uses. Such issues ought to be managed experimentally and non simply strategically or inwardly. Short-run overall gain ought to non harm long haul supplement security. In a dominantly country and rural state like India, farming is the head start of work and salary security. Food security with place developed supplement is non only of import for meat uping provincial help security, however it is other than vital for both inside security and outer sway. 96. At a similar clasp, the incomplete segments of land change including the appropriation of roof overabundance land to assetless family units ought to be taken care of with speed and committedness. The inclusions of unregistered agriculturists, leaseholders and innate agriculturists will hold to be shielded. At every possible opportunity, atleast one section of land of land ought to be given to each landless work household.Economic Well being and Nutrition Security of Rural Families97. Homestead families in India comprise more than 66% of the populace. Since husbandmans are other than shoppers, the fresh separation, oftentimes made in industrialized states between the inclusions of husbandmans, and customers, is non legitimate in the Indian setting. Itemized investigations of the reasons for supplement instability in provincial and urban nations have uncovered that the significant reason for undernutrition and lack of healthy sustenance among kids, grown-up females and work powers is the inadequacy of equivalent purchasing capacity to permit dish to adjusted weight control plans and clean assimilating H2O. In this manner, a three-pronged plan as given underneath requests to be acquainted with ensure the monetary prosperity and nourishment security of rustic families: †( a ) First, family units having resources like land, livestock or fish pools will hold to be helped to uplift the productiveness of their asset blessings in a naturally and financially manageable mode. The littler the maintenance, the more noteworthy is the interest for attractive abundance. Consequently, as far as possible must be put on expanding finished result per units of land, H2O, nourishments and works dependent on engineerings which are biologically and monetarily stable. For this, we need more research on the improvement of eco-advancements dependent on intermixing conventional biological reasonability with wilderness engineerings like data and biotechnology and unending, nuclear and sustainable power source engineerings. ( B ) Second, about a third of the provincial populace and a major extent of grown-up females procure their help through compensation business. They have no benefits like land or livestock or fishpond and are other than much of the time unskilled. The test in the example of landless horticultural work is elevating the monetary estimation of their clasp and work by passing on about a worldview relocation from incompetent to gifted work. A solid endeavor in the nation of comprehension and expertise approval of the grown-up females and work powers speaking to the landless work power is irreplaceable if monetary worth is to be added to their clasp and work. They will hold to be empowered to take to talented non ranch work through market-driven small scale endeavors bolstered by microcredit. Self improvement Gatherings ( SHGs ) of assetless grown-up females and work powers will hold to be made practical through in reverse linkages to acknowledgment and building and forward linkages with c ourse and markets. Regular effects assets will hold to be created and overseen in a mode that they can gracefully fundamental emotionally supportive networks in nations, for example, new fish and provender for slow down took care of animalistic cultivating each piece great as fuel wood. ( degree Celsius ) The third gathering are country craftsmans working in the auxiliary and third areas of the financial framework. Their accomp

5 Branding Secrets Behind the Lufthansa Airline Logo

5 Branding Secrets Behind the Lufthansa Airline Logo Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5 Branding Secrets Behind the Lufthansa Airline LogoUpdated On 19/02/2020Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : MarketingShort URL : https://hbb.me/2K4lsQn CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogAside from the existence of common branding elements â€" logo, brand name, and guidelines â€" each industry comes with its specs. An airline logo will always lay on both sides of the communication, whether its mainly digital or analog. These logos still stand out on the brands social media pages and airplanes. They integrate with online geolocated campaigns and stand as design pieces of personnels clothing.The Lufthansa Airline logo was first designed in 1918, so this year it celebrates a hundred years of existence. The emblem had undergone some slight updates until the beginning of 2018 when it was part of a rebranding campaign.FRANKFURT, GERMANY JUNE 8: Lufthansa Flight ready to head to ru nway on June 8, 2012 in Frankfurt, Germany. Lufthansa is the flag carrier of Germany and the largest airline in Europe.Evolution of an airline logo: The Lufthansa case studyLufthansa’s current logo contains a crane symbol and the company’s name. Both are shown in dark-blue on a white background. The color and font are essential and mostly remained unchanged over time. There are plenty of resources available to help you discover what made designers choose bold and dark blue. However, if you check this article, you can also see what influenced or inspired Lufthansa branding managers to make specific choices.Another airline company compiled the first version of the signature logo in 1918. Lufthansas founders purchased the logo and the company in 1926 and used the logo as its own. The brands version of the logo hand elongated tail and head and a curved body compared with todays logo. Lufthansa shortened the silhouette and gave it a more geometric design. Moreover, the crane was plac ed in a rectangle, as opposed to its original circle. The first update occurred in the 1960s when the airline logo returned to its signature circle. You can have a look at creative free plane logo designs for inspiration.Lufthansas preferred colors were dark blue, gold and white â€" out of which the bright gold disappeared due to the latest update. The airline has a German company it never forgets about, so it always used fonts that resemble Helvetica and Normal-Grotesk. Letter are straight capitals. The latest logo version contains a bolded font than the previous ones.Meaning of the Lufthansa logoOtto Firle is the author of the original Lufthansa logo. The designer is now among the top specialists that marketers look up to. Given the times when the airline appeared, the crane bird symbol placed on an airplane had a deeper meaning than today. Back then, such a logo symbolized the power of planes to fly as efficient as birds. Today, the iconic crane sends a premium message regarding the company’s services.By the way, Hansa means crane in German, while Luft means air. The meaning behind the brands name is clear and straightforward for Germans, while those from other countries can see it as complex, yet easy to remember. The crane bird also symbolizes good luck, stability, and strength. Hansa is also the abbreviation for a medieval trading group called the Hanseatic League.Five branding lessons any airline logo should write downGiven the above facts, the 2018 logo update featuring the removal of yellow raised intense debate among graphic designers and marketers. Expert Robert Lisovskiy designed the current version of the logo. He became famous after created the symbol of radical Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. Let’s check which of these might work for your brand!1. Build a cult, not a brandAny airline is above all a service provider. It might contain products â€" such as travels to specific destinations at certain times and means to offer them as are airplanes. The Lufthansa logo is visible together with the wordmark or in its absence. By splitting the logo in two, the company managed to improve the regular appearance of the airline, adding them a stylish value.However, branding goes beyond the logo. Lufthansa managed to create a brand which focused on its clients, instead of its products or services. Flying with an airplane accomplished the traveler’s dreams to see the world. The wish to fly would be the core point of Lufthansa which even released printed versions of ads back in the days. The ads targeted both families who planned to travel as much as possible and flight enthusiasts who wanted to become pilots. Building a cult instead of a brand targets more areas such as brand loyalty and brand recognition. Satisfied customers are long-lasting and useful sources of word-of-mouth marketing. The cult constructed around your brand helps it become more popular even than its products/services. By creating experiences out of prod ucts/services, you send out a coherent message that strengthens your connection with customers. Other said it helps you build a killer brand, instead of a killer product/service.2. Make a priority out of consistencyAn airline logo needs to stand out among others literally. The audience should instantly recognize it when placed next to other logos in real life situations â€" such as waiting at the airport for the plane to arrive. Throughout its activity years, Lufthansa hasnt wholly changed its logo at all. All the updates were slight adjustments which either bolded the circle, moved the focus to another color, or improves the margins of the crane bird.Brand consistency makes your logo recognizable in all circumstances. Most adjustments arent usually visible for the end customer. However, if an update causes an emblem to be unrecognizable, the change involves an adaptation period that buyers must go through and an entirely different branding campaign.The Lufthansa airline logo is one of the proofs that branding can be improved far from the eye of end customers. While graphic designers notice any change, buyers receive a coherent message from your brand.FRANKFURT,GERMANY: JUNE 23, 2017: LUFTHANSA Airbus. Lufthansa, is the largest German airline and, when combined with its subsidiaries, also the largest airline in Europe3. Initiate a rebranding campaignWhenever a line of products expands, customers usually receive it as improvements. However, if a brand has more product lines, they cause unnecessary headaches. Keeping more product lines under the umbrella of a single brand might become confusing for the end customers.READBest Email Marketing Software For Sending Bulk EmailsLufthansas latest logo update occurred as a rebranding campaign initiated to update the essential elements of the company. The company released its rebranding campaign together with other factors, including the design of the personnels outfit design and explanations about the change. Lufthansa wanted its message to become even more premium and update to times. If millennials would be the companys next customers, then the news should fit them. In-house designer Ronal Wild handled the rebranding task.Start rebranding from the top down and ask why such an initiative would be necessary. It may have educational purposes, sending a more explicit message or targeting a wider audience. Either way, rebranding should follow the path induced by the initial branding campaign and only necessary target changes to elements. The rebranding campaign of Lufthansa was minimal to its logo. Interventions were calculated and focused on sending an even more simple and straightforward message.Lufthansa managed to raise discussions by eliminating yellow from planes. Some influencers noticed that airline brands might begin to look the same as theres no intense color to differentiate them. Yet, this elimination allowed the airline to also adjust its visuals and user experience to small smartphone a nd smartwatch screen. The yellow is still visible on personnel’s outfit.4. Don’t get into debatesMarketers were expecting a significant change to the airline logo. However, it only featured adjustments and the removal of gold or yellow as a background. The move has been subject to so many discussions that it even generated press articles about the importance of specific colors in a design. Lufthansas presentation prevented a debate with graphic designers by explaining why brand leaders have chosen the changes.Whenever a strong brand initiates a campaign, it generates reactions. Responding them (unless necessary, of course) begins a discussion which might draw attention from your campaigns or initiatives. Official brand responses lead to chain reactions from the press and specialized websites.Rebranding campaigns and officially announced logo updates are usually followed by campaigns that promote the new logo and the changes. Engaging in a discussion regarding the variations will confuse the end who accidentally get involved in the campaign. Since responses and accusations mostly involve branding experts, they have low chances to obtain good reactions.Theres been a debate about the new Lufthansa airline logo. Experts stated that the change was too dull, and the emblem lost some of its charms when it gave up on its signature yellow. However, the color was no longer necessary in the context of turning into a premium service provider.5. Cover the entire customer journey mapLufthansa already has the reputation of a high-end company which provides its audience with premium service and products. There was just a matter of time until the company would rebrand and respond to the audience’s demand to visually reflect its quality. However, rebranding didn’t stop here. Lufthansa improved the customer experience by also enhancing its customer service department which already had positive feedback.The customer journey map or user experience involves a coherence betw een the airline logo and all of the other elements that connect the user to your brand. Each step of the buying and usage process should be covered. That’s why Lufthansa has insignificant complains regarding its customer support.Attention to details can boost or lower a brand’s popularity. An airline logo campaign cannot go through the same creativity as mainstream retail or food brands can. However, there’s a lot you can synchronize a rebranding idea with. Lufthansa decided to reveal the logo update when the brand turned 100 years. Having such a moment to connect with your campaign increases its impact and the emotional side of your brand.NEW YORK APRIL 06, 2016: Lufthansa crew members on board of Boeing 747. Lufthansa is a German airline and, when combined with its subsidiaries, the largest airline in Europe, both in terms of passengers carried and fleet size.What else matters aside from a fresh airline logo?Sticking to your brand’s message in almost mandatory for an airl ine with a reputation to protect. Our today case study has initiated an environmental campaign with long-term partner NABU (Naturschutzbund Deutschland e.V.). Lufthansa gets involved in the protection of endangered bird species â€" the crane, of course. The airline initiated such campaigns in the 1980s and continued to do so by announcing each new initiative. Such an idea increases the strength of a brands core values and consideration towards them.Some campaigns also need to connect with your services. The airline announced its rebranding campaign with #LufthansaBlue. It was an educational campaign that targeted those who want to know more about the company and what lies behind the scenes of the color-change initiative.Lufthansa offers more than the possibility to fly to new destinations. Its about the experience of flight and travel. Thats why the airline supports its long-term campaign #SayYestotheWorld and promotes it based on a geographic criterion. In March 2018, the campaign entered India two ways.One side of the campaign showed locals that the airline is More Indian than you think by introducing local cuisine, hospitality and entertainment services to tradition-oriented locals.Meanwhile, millennials were encouraged to explore the world, discover new sites and wonders and have an open mind regarding what travel can offer them.The two-in-one campaign carries the fame of its correspondent ideas from other countries. While it’s still ongoing, we might say it has high chances to increase Lufthansa’s sales in India.Wrapping UpLufthansa is a global airline company which remains among the top ten of its kind for years. Brand managers know what they need to promote and focus on. Its services are flawless, and so the logo should be. Even though Lufthansa may seem to have disappointed a side of the public with the latest logo update, those who had negative responses might not be the airlines buyers, but rather a section of the vast audience who enjoys seeing colorful logos. An airline logo needs to look appealing on digital and analog form, on personnels outfit and above all â€" in the sky. As a travel service provider, Lufthansa emphasized its premium side and lifted its standards regarding design. This is a lesson to learn from. In the end, an airline logo might never go through radical changes without raising questions in customers minds. However, it can and should closely communicate to what the company itself has to offer.Images Source: Depositphotos.com.

Iphone Bit The Apple Devry University - 1889 Words

Android bit the Apple Devry University Danwel James Ramirez BACKGROUND and HISTORY Apple, www.apple.com – Apple is one of the greatest and innovative technology in the world. They design, develop and sell consumer electronics, computer software, online services and personal computers. They have a list of the most charming and captivating products like the iPad, iPhone, Ipod, Mac books, and etc. Despite of the line of the hardware products they also have software products and different networking products. Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne on April 1, 1976 to flourish and sell a personal computer. Apple is one of the largest information technology company, they still remain innovative and valuable. The first apple was sold as a motherboard; it was on sale and was market-priced at $666.66 which is now $2,763 in 2015 dollars, adjusted for inflation. The first success of Macintosh was first seen on the year 1981 where Apple began working the Apple Liza which was being pushed from the Lisa team due to infighting. The race was broke between the Lisa team and Macintosh Team over which product would ship first. Lisa won the race in 1983 but the personal computer sold the public with a GUI but failed the advertisement and due to the high price tag and limited software titles. They have changed the introduction of the LaserWriter and the first PostScript laser printer. They have so many things to offer in that year but due to a highShow MoreRelatedMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 PagesTracking You Case Study: Instant Ads: Real-Time Marketing on Exchanges continued on back inside cover E -commerce business. technology. society. T e n T H e d i t i o n Kenneth C. Laudon Carol Guercio Traver New York University Azimuth Interactive, Inc. Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sà £o Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreEssay on Wireless Electricity14464 Words   |  58 PagesWireless Electricity Devry University Tech, Society, and Culture Professor February 24, 2013 Table of Contents I. Wireless Electricity: Explanation and History 3 II. Political and Legal Influences 10 III. Economic Questions and Considerations 16 IV. Wireless Technology with Today’s Culture 20 V. Ethical Implications of Wireless Power 26 VI. Environmental Impact 30 VII. Bibliography Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesApproach with Spreadsheets, Fourth Edition Stevenson and Ozgur, Introduction to Management Science with Spreadsheets, First Edition Project Management The Managerial Process Fifth Edition Erik W. Larson Oregon State University Clifford F. Gray Oregon State University PROJECT MANAGEMENT: THE MANAGERIAL PROCESS Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright  © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill CompaniesRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesYour WileyPLUS Account Manager Training and implementation support www.wileyplus.com/accountmanager MAKE IT YOURS! Fundamentals of Human Resource Management Tenth Edition David A. DeCenzo Coastal Carolina University Conway, SC Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University San Diego, CA Tenth Edition Contributor Susan L. Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Associate Publisher Executive Editor Senior Editoral Assistant Marketing Manager

Poe vs. Hawthorne Dark But Not Necessarily Gothic Essay

In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, a new literary genre sprung up, the Gothic story. In the United States, the most prominent exponent of Gothic fiction was Edgar Allen Poe, whose â€Å"horror† tales conjure up the dark side that many of us at least half-believe is hidden just beneath the surface of the most conventional lives. In this paper we will discuss the Gothic in light of two of Poe’s stories, â€Å"Ligeia†, and â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† and contrast Poe’s story with a somewhat dark tale of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil.† We will also analyze why Poe’s stories are Gothic’s and Hawthorne’s is not. Critic Mark Edmunson calls Gothic literature â€Å"the art of haunting†, adding that â€Å"Gothic shows that†¦show more content†¦Most Gothic tales feature an exotic locale of some sort, typically an ancient and run-down family estate to which the narrator or protagonist is invited to stay (and in which they often later become trapped). Here is Poe’s description of the Usher estate in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†: â€Å"With the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit. . . I looked upon the scene before me . . . upon the bleak walls -- upon the vacant eye-like windows -- upon a few rank sedges -- and upon a few white trunks of decayed trees -- with an utter depression of soul which I can compare to no earthly sensation more properly than to the after-dream of the reveler upon opium . . . There was an iciness, a sinking, a sickening of the heart -- an unredeemed dreariness of thought which no goading of the imagination could torture into aught of the sublime† (Poe, 95). He adds that the entire house seemed to be surrounded by â€Å"an atmosphere which had no affinity with the air of heaven, but which had reeked up from the decayed trees, and the gray wall, and the silent tarn -- a pestilent and mystic vapour, dull, sluggish, faintly discernible, and leaden-hued† (Poe, 97). Most Gothic tales also feature a heroine. Gothic heroines are invariably pale of complexion and somehow doomed; they either die at the end or are barely rescued. Poe’s Ligeia is â€Å"tall of stature, somewhat slender, and in her latter days, even emaciated.† She has the

Comparing AP and An Ounce of Cure Essay - 601 Words

Comparing AP and An Ounce of Cure If a reader is given two short stories, two stories that are seemingly different on the surface, to read and compare and contrast, a surprising amount of similarities and differences can be found. Unless they deal with the same subject matter, most short stories arent really related, until some analysis is done. The stories AP, by John Updike, and An Ounce of Cure, by Alice Munro, are very similar but very different. One of the mot important similarities between these two stories is the problems the opposite sex causes for the main character. In AP, Sammy, the main character, quits his job because he thinks that his boss has mistreated and embarrassed three young ladies that were†¦show more content†¦In An Ounce of Cure, the main character and her mother have to use and ounce of cure to try and make up for the main characters mistakes. If only an ounce of prevention had been used, there wouldnt have been any of those horrible problems that arose. These two stories are a lso very different. The main difference is that Sammy takes less dramatic measures to resolve his problems than the girl in An Ounce of Cure. Sammy only quits his job. Since he is young and it is summer time, he shouldnt have any problems finding another job. The girl in An Ounce of Cure, however, takes far more drastic measures to solver her problems. She tries to kill herself, gets drunk, and endangers the lives of the two young children that she supposed to be watching. Another difference is that An Ounce of Cure has far less detail in it than in AP. An Ounce of Cure is much longer, but much more straightforward. It gives the story and a few extra details, but not many. On the other hand, AP Sammy gives vivid details of everything around him. He paints a very clear picture of the store, the young ladies, the other shoppers, and his every thought. Both main characters in these stories have very different attitudes towards everything. Sammy, in AP, is very self assured. He realizes that he may be making a mistake halfway through quitting his job, but goes through with it anyway. By reading into his thoughts, the reader can infer that he is around the ages ofShow MoreRelatedFIN REVIEW24504 Words   |  99 PagesYou inputs of production are priced in dollars and you sell your output in dollars. If the US currency depreciates against the currencies of our trading partners a. Your competitive position is likely improved 10. Privatization is often seen as a cure for bureaucratic inefficiency and waste; some economists that privatization improves efficiency and reduces operating costs by as much as a. 20 percent 11. The first two columns give the maximum daily amounts of beer and whiskey that Southern IrelandRead MoreProblems With Accountability And Transparency Of Soliciting And Awarding Government Contracts2809 Words   |  12 Pages and cognitive abilities. 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Mining Dictionary Essay Example For Students

Mining Dictionary Essay Dictionary of Mining Engineering Nihat Alpin Mtevellioolu050990045-A-Adhesion : Holding surface together with an adhesiveAdvance : The work of excavating as mining forward in an entry and in drivingrooms; to extract all or part of an oreAgglomeration : A concentration process based on the adhesion of pulpparticles to water in ore benefactionAlloy : A substance having metallic properties and being composed of two ormore chemical elements of which at least one is an element of metalAmalgamation : The production of an amalgam or alloy of mercuryAnemometer : An instrument to measure the velocity of air Anomaly : A body, which is much different in geological and mineral content than the surrounding formationsAntimony: A trivalent and pentavalent metallic element which is rather softusually in metallic silvery white, crystalline Arches: A large building with a curved top over an opening, usually as amonument-B-Bagging : Flexible tubing for conducting compressed air, water, or steamsusuall y constructed from canvas and rubberBall mill : Mill which has balls inside that are used to crush big mineralsBallast : Broken limestone pieces to carry mine track within its sideBaryte : A sulphate of BariumBell conveyor : A moving belt that rides on rollers and used to carry coal orother materials to various locationsBench : A long seat; a strong on which mechanics prepare their workBentonite : A montmorillonite type clay formed by the alteration of volcanic ashBlasting : Break up and destroyBlind shaft : A small shaft driven between two galleriesBlister copper : An impure intermediate product in the refilling of copperBoundary : A line between areas of the earths surface occupied by rocks or formations of different type and different ageBrittle : A mineralogical term meaning not flexible and ductile-C-Cage : The cabin in the shaft to carry men, mine cars and materialsCave : A hollow place in earthCeramic : A class of inorganic, non-metallic products which are subjected to ahigh temperature during manufacture or in useClay : A fine-grained, natural, earthy material composed primarily of hydrous aluminium silicatesCombustible : A substance that can be easily set on fire or that readily takes fire and burnsCommunition : The breaking, crushing, or grinding of coal, ore, or rockConveying : Transporting by conveyors from the orebody to the shaftCopper : A reddish metallic element in group IB of the periodic tableCrushing : To reduce ore or quartz by stamps, crushers or rollsCut-off tenor : The lowest tenor for miningCutting machine : A power-driven machine used to undercut or shear the coal to facilitate its removal from the faceCyclone : Refers to the conical shapes apparatus used in dust collectingoperations-D-Dam : A bank or mound raised to keep backDebris : Rock fragments, sand, earth, and sometimes organic matter, in aheterogeneous mass, as at the foot of a cliffDetonation : An explosion or sudden report made by the inflammation of certaincombustible bodies Development : To open up a coal seam or orebody as by sinking shafts anddriving drifts, as well as installing the equipment neededDewatering : Removing water by pumping, drainage, or evaporationDilution : Mixing of ore with other material lowering the tenor of the oreDiscipline : Employee discipline implies subjection to authority or instructions given by a mine officialDragline : A type of excavating equipment which costs a rope-hung bucket, aconsiderable distance, collects the dug material by pulling the buckettoward itself on the ground with a second rope, elevates the bucketand dumps the material on a spoil bank, in a hopper, or on a pileDrilling : The act of process of making a circular hole with a drillDump : Combination of all waste materials which are uselessDust : Earth or other matter reduced to small particles which can easily be raisedand carried by airDynamite : An industrial explosive which is detonated by blasting caps. Theprinciple explosive equipment is nitro-glycer ine or specially sensitised ammonium nitrate-E-Earth : The solid matter of the globe in distinction from water and air; to theground; the firm land of the earths surfaceEfficiency : The ratio of work output to work inputEnvironment : The aggregate of all the surrounding conditions, influences, orforce affecting a locus sedimentationExcavation : Digging and removing soilExplore : To search, develop or prospect-F-Fault : Breaking plane of a vein or seam Fault line : The intersection of a fault surface or a fault plane with the surface of the earth or with any artificial surface of referenceFeldspar : One of a group of rock-farming minerals which includes microline,orthoclase, plagioclase and anorthoclaseFiltration : A process for separating solids from the liquidFiredamp : Mixture of methane and airFlint : A variety of quartz, a cryptocrystalline substance composed of silicaFlocculation : The gathering of suspended particles into aggregations-G-Gallery : An excavation carried from the shaft horizontally to reach the orebodyGateway : A gallery driven horizontally to follow a seam or a veinGeological reserve : An unknown reserve but the geological informationindicating the possibility of such reserveGrinding : Size reduction of ore and other materials into idatively fine particles-H-Hand picking : Manual removal of ore from the soilHaulage : Transportation of cars and miners horizontallyHeadframe : Steel or concrete tower to carry the hoisting forces Helmet : A covering which protects the head Hoisting : Lifting something upwards from the earthHumidity : The quantity of moisture in the airHydraulic Transport : Transportation of ore from the working places to theprocessing plant in pipes-I-Inclination : The angular depth of vein, bed and etc.; measure in degree fromthe horizontal planeIncline: A gallery driven from the surface downward to reach the orebody at aninclination of 10-30 degreesIsomorphism : The name given the phenomenon where two ro more minerals which are very similar in their chemical properties, crystallize in class of the same system of symmetry -J-Jigs : Devices which separates coal from foreign substances by the help of density using water Junctions : Combination; the act or operating of joining-L-Level : Galleries driven from the shaft at different elevationLocomotive : A car with an engine usually used to carry mine cars from oneplace to another on tracks-M-Magnetic separator : A machine which is used to separate magnetic mineralsfound in nonmagnetic substancesMalleable : Capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer, forexample gold, silver etcMetal : The pure element of a mineral, mostly having special physical andelectrical propertiesMine : Location and installation, from which ore is extracted and a saleableproduct is obtainedMine car : A container holding the oreMineral : Any natural product having a chemical formula with proper physicalcharacteristics -O-Ore : A mass of valuable minerals from which a s aleable product can beobtainedOrebody : A solid with enormous mass of ore which looks like a big rockOutburst : The name applied to violent evolution of firedamp from working factOverflow : To come out in big mass-P-Panning : Washing earth or crushed rock in a pan by agitation with water toobtain the particles of greatest specific gravity in itParachute : A safety device to keep the cage or skip in the shaft in case of ropebreakingPelleziting : A method in which finely divided material is rolled in a drum or inan inclined disk so that theparticles cling together and roll up intosmall spherical pelletsPillar : The area of coal or ore left to support thte overlying strata or hangingwall in a minePolymorphism : The property of presenting many forms, especially incrystallography the ability of certain substances to crystallizewith different ratios without changing chemical properties Possible reserve : An orebody determined in one dimension. Mostly depthPotential reserve : A proven rese rve but not economic under the prevailingconditionsPower plants : Buildings that are producing electrical powerProbable reverse : An orebody determined in two dimensions; length, width.The depth isnt fully determinedProfit : The money earned when you subscribe lost money from total earningsProven reserve : A visible reserve on which the tonnage, tennor, mineralogical investigation have been compiledPulp density : The amount of valid in a pulp ranging from 10 to 25 percent byweight in flotation-R-Railroad : The road or steel bars which carry mine carsRaise : A gallery driven upward to make connection with the upper levelRamp : A gallery of small inclination in spiral formRecovery : The percentage of the recovered metal versus the total metal content of the oreRefrigeration : Cooling of air before it gets more hotRegulator : A sliding door opening to regulate the amount of airReservoir : A natural underground container of liquids, such as all or water and gasesRetreating longwall : Fi rst driving haulage road and airways to the boundary ofa track of coal and then mining it in a single face withoutpillars back and toward the shaftRoadway : An underground platformRock : Naturally formed matter that is a part of the earths crustRoof bolts : Long steel bolts driven into walls or roof of undergroundexcavations to strengthen the pinning of rock strataRope : A bunch of steel wires wound to carry the cage and the skip-S-Seam : Bed of coal or other mineral generally applied to large deposits of coalSelective mining : A method of mining whereby ore of unwarranted high valueis mined in such manner as to make the low grade ore left inthe mine incapable of future profitable extractionShaft : Excavation usually carried vertically to reach lowest position of orebodyShaking table : A table which eliminate the reduction by their densityShovel : An instrument used for lifting earth or other loose substancesSkip : A large container to carry the ore to the surface inside the shaftSl ime table : A table for the treatment of slime; a buddleSlury : A suspension in a liquid especially water of a solidSpraying : The application of enamel slip or glaze to surface by using spraygunStope : Place where ore production is made Stowing : The material brought from the surface or from other part of the mineto replace the ore taken outStripping : An excavation with power shovels in which the coal seams are laidbore by stripping of the surface soil and rock strataStrontium : A bivalent metallic element in group II of the periodic system-T-Tailings : The parts, or a part, of any incoherent or fluid material separated asrefuse, or fluid material separated as refuse, or separately treated asinferior in qualityTenor : The percentage of the valuable element in the reserveTie : Wooden or steel pieces on which the rails are placedTool grinder : One who grinds the cutting tools for stone working planers andclothes in stonework industryTrack : The system composed of rails, ties and bal last on which the mine carare rolled-V-Vein : A zone or belt of mineralised rock lying within boundaries clearlyseparating it from neighbouring rockVentilator : A mechanical apparatus for producing a current of air in underground as a blowing or exhaust fanVentube : Flexible pipe which is used to convey the air blowing from a ventilatorVisible reserve : An orebody determined in all dimensions; depth, length, width,thickness-W-Wet cutting : A method of dust prevention in which water is delivered onto themoving cutter chain, through water pipes and is carried into the cutwhere it is intimately mixed with the cuttingsWet drilling : Drill by using the pressure of water which is good for pretendingdustWinder : An electrically driven winding engine for hoisting a cage or cages upvertically in a mine shaftWinding : Vertical transport through the shaftWinze : A gallery driven downward to make connection to the lower level Sentences with the words used in the dictionary including mining re lated terms -A-Adhesion : 1) Adhesion is the work of holding surface 2) In adhesion the effect is produced by forces between molecules3) Shearing resistance between soil and another material under zerois called adhesionAdvance : 1) To advance galleries either drilling, blasting or mechanicalexcavation method can be used2) Role of advancing is very important in order to reach orebody 3) Mechanical gallery advancing is the most effective way in long distanced galleries Agglomeration : 1) Agglomeration is a kind of a concentration process2) Agglomeration also refers to briquetting, nodulizing, sintering, etc. 3) Agglomeration is based on adhesion of pulp particles towaterAlloy : 1) An alloy may be a compound of the metals 2) An alloy may be a solid mixture of the metals 3) An alloy may be a heterogeneouse mixtureAmalgation : 1) Gold is treated with mercury in order to obtain amalgam on thesurface2) Amalgation process for gold is done to mix gold with mercury3) The process by which mercury is alloyed with some other metalis called amalgationAnemometer : 1) Speed of wind and other moving gases are measured using an anemometer 2) Anemometer consists of a small fan from 7.6 to 15.2 cm in diameter that is rotated by the air current 3) Anemometer is held in the mine airway for the exact number of minutes Anomaly : 1) Drilling for economic mineral deposits might be conducted in the area of a geophysical anomaly2) In seismic usage anomaly is generally synonymous withsubsurface structure 3) A crystallographic anomaly is the lack of agreement between theapparent external symmetry of a crystal an d the observed opticalpropertiesAntimony : 1) Antimony is extracted from ore by roasting the ore and reducingwith carbon 2) Antimony expands on solidifying 3) Antimony can be found in element, oxide and sulphide formsArches : 1) Steel arches are used to support galleries 2) The steel arches are needed to carry forces applied by rocks 3) Supporting galleries with steel arches reduces the accident rate-B-Ball mill : 1) Ball mill is a type of a crusher which has balls inside2) In order to crush big substances ball mills are used3) Crushed particles of a given size range are placed in a ball millBallast : 1) In railways ballast are used to support rails2) Putting ballast under wooden ties is very important in rail laying3) Broken rock pieces used in railways are called ballastBaryte : 1) Natural barium oxide (BaSO4) is called baryte2) Baryte is also used in medical industry in X-ray diagnosis3) Baryte is usually found in a white crystalline powder formBell conveyor : 1) Bell conveyor i s used in the transportation of materials insidemines factories 2) Bell conveyors are the most efficient and cheapest way oftransport 3) Bell conveyors work with an angle between 0-17 degreesBench : 1) Mechanics prepare their work on benches2) Benhes are a type of seats which are strong and long3) Place where mechanics prepare their work is called benchBentonite : 1) Bentonite is a clay called material similar to fullers earth2) Bentonite is formed by the alternation of volcanic ash3) Bentonite is used to absorb oil and greaseBlasting : 1) Blasting is a method used in advancing2) In blasting method different types of explosives are used3) ANFO ( Amonium nitrate 94% + Fuel 6% ) is often used in blastingBlind shaft : 1) Blind shaft is a kind of a shaft2) Blind shaft is used between two levels3) By enlarging a vertical drillhole blind shaft can be madeBlister copper : 1) Blister copper is produced by blowing copper matte in aconverter2) Blistered copper ore is a reniform variety of c halcopyrite 3) The blister of copper are formed by gas escaping fromwithin copper Boundary : 1) Films of one constituent of an alloy surrounding the crystals ofanother are called boundary films2) A map created for the purpose of delineating a boundary line and the adjacent territory are called boundary maps3) A major fault with a considerable displacemen is called boundary faultBrittle : 1) The quality of a material that leads to crack propagation withoutappreciable plastic deformation is called brittle2) Chloritoid, basic silicate of aluminum, iron, and magnesium are some of the micas having brittle laminae 3) A nonductile material that fails catastrophically under dynamic loadingis called a brittle material -C-Cage : 1) Cages usually designed to take one or two cars per deck2) There is a guide found to prevent cages from swinging and colliding3) There is short prop or catch on which cage standsCave : 1) Collapse of the walls on root of a mine is called cave-in 2) A person whose h obby is to explore caves is a caver3) A compact bended deposit of calcite or araginot ( cave marble ) can be found in cavesCeramic : 1) Ceramic is any of a class of inorganic, nonmetallic products thatare subjected to a high temperature during manufacture or use 2) The work of ceramics is the pertaining to products or industriesinvolving the use of clay or other silicatesClay : 1) Kaolinite and china clay are good examples of clay 2) Clay is a calss of complex silicate 3) Clay seam or gauge found along the sides of veins are called clay courseCombustible : 1) Combustible gasess form a layer under the roof of a mineroadway2) Combustible gases in mines are very dangerous and need to taken out3) Methane is an example of combustible gasesCommunition : 1) To obtain proper material size for machinery is purpose ofcommunition 2) To prepare material for marketing is a purpose ofcommunition 3) To provide a certain degree of liberation is a purpose ofcommunition Conveying : 1) There are two t ypes of conveying ; hydraulic, pneumaticconveying 2) Conveying is done by the help of compressed water or air Copper : 1) Copper is used in steam boilers, eletric wire and in numerous alloys 2) Copper is the best conductor of electricity after silver3) Copper is a free metal and unaffected by water or steamCrushing : 1) In crushing process Roll, Cone, Impact and other cruchers areused2) Crushing is a step in communition3) Plant mills in mineral processing are also used in crushing Cutting machine : 1) A machine powered by compressed air or electricity thatdrives a cutting chain or other device is called cutting machine 2) Coal-cutting machine that is an adaptation of a shortwallmachine 3) An undercutting machine electrically driven cuttingmachine used to make a cut about 3.0 m deep near thebottom of a coalbedCyclone : 1) Cyclones are the conical shaped apparatus used in dust collectingoperations and fine grinding applications 2) In principle, the cyclone varies the speed of air 3) T here are two types of cyclones; wet, hydraulic cyclone-D-Dam : 1) Dam in needed to keep foul air or water, from mine workings 2) Dam can also isolate underground workings that are on fire 3) In a blast furnace the cast-iron plate supports the dam Debris : 1) A dirt -filled bag used for pack walls and chocks is called debris bag 2) Debris consists of rock fragments, soil material, and sometimes organic matterDetonation : 1) Simply detonation is an explosive decomposition or explosivecombustion reaction 2) There is pressure produced in the reaction zone of a detonation 3) Devices are used prevent a detonation initiatedDevelopment : 1) Development is an intermediate stage between exploration and mining 2) Work to reach orebody is termed as development Dewatering : 1) The mechanical separation of a mixture of coal and water intotwo parts is a kind of dewatering 2) A settling tank for clarifying washer circulating water is used indewatering 3) A screen is used in dewatering for the sep aration of water fromsolidsDilution : 1) The contamination of ore with barren wall rock in stoping is calleddilution2) The mixture of ore other substances in which grade is lowered is termed as dilution Discipline : 1) An engineer must be well disciplined2) The mining engineering is the most disciplined profession afterthe military3) Discipline is needed in order to protect the orders given inworking chain Dragline : 1) A crane boom used with a drag bucket is dragline boom2) An excavation system involving a dragline ; other draglineequipments is called dragline dredge 3) Operator of a scraper loading machine, known as a dragline iscalled drag loader Drilling : 1) Wet drilling is one of the methods used in dust remedy 2) The diamond, rotary, percussion drillings are usen in mining operations 3) The drill holes are source of information which give lithology, water conditions, samples Dump : 1) Dump is the point where a face conveyor discharges its coal into minecars2) Trucks in surfac e mining and shuttle cars in underground mining is atype of dump equipment 3) A chain grabhook having a lever attachment for releasing it is used asa dumb equipment Dust : 1) Dust level in a must be kept under 0.2 microns2) To avoid from dust diseases workers must use masks3) Spraying and suction machines can be helpful in order to protectworkers from dust Dynamite : 1) Compositions that contain significant amounts of nitroglycerin butarent detonable and considered to be dynamite2) The basic ingredient of dynamite is nitroglycerin3) Dynamite is the most known used explosive -E-Efficiency : 1) The ratio of work output to work input is calculated by efficiency engineers2) The weight of material correctly placed above or below thereference size, expressed as a percentage of the weight ofcorresponding material in the feed is the efficiency of sizing3) The efficieny of airway is which the combined capital andoperating cost is minimalEnvironment : 1) An evaluation of enviroment and condi tions at a particularfacility or site is called enviromental audit 2) An analysis of enviroment which may involve baseline environmental analyses and data gathered with regard to zoological, botanical, geologic, and economic factors3) In mining sector enviroment conditions play an important role Excavation : 1) Excavation includes digging, blasting, breaking, loading, andhauling, either at the surface or underground 2) The grab, skimmer, trencher, rotary digger, bucket wheel, andgrader are variants of excavation machines 3) Cableway fitted with a bucket suitably designed for excavationExplore : 1) Exploration is the first and main step of mining operations 2) Persons who works in exploring business is called prospectors 3) Exploration and evaluation process are related with each other -F-Fault : 1) In coal mining, a sudden thinning or disappearance of a coal seam iscalled fault 2) A fracture or a fracture zone in crustal rocks along which there hasbeen displacement of the two side s relative to one another parallel tothe fracture is named fault 3) Various descriptive names have been given to different kinds of faultsFault line : 1) An escarpment that is the result of differential erosion along a faultline is scarp2) Usually a straight valley follows the fault line 3) East face of the Sierra Nevada in California is na example of faultline scarpFeldspar : 1) The general formula of feldspar is XY4 O8 where X can beBa,Ca,K,Na,NH4 and Y can be Al,B,Si 2) Constituting 60% of the Earths crust, feldspar occurs in all rocktypes 3) There is a washbox to clean small coal, in which the pulsating wateris made to pass through a layer of graded material such as feldspar Filtration : 1) Filter loss and cake thickness constitute the determining factorsof filtration qualities2) The process of filtration is activated by suction or pressure, and commonly includes filter aids3) The products of filtration are clear liquid and a filter cakeFiredamp : 1) A stone, brick, or concrete airtight stopping to isolate anunderground fire is called firedamp 2) Firedamp play an important role in underground fire3) Firedamp prevent the inflow of fresh air and the outflow of foulairFlint : 1) Lots of devices, formerly used to provide light for miners at workusing flint 2) A smooth, flint like refractory clay rock is named flint-clay 3) Dark gray or black variety of chert is known as flintFlocculation : 1) Adding an electrolyte to suspension is the main step offlocculation 2) Agents of flocculation usually consist of long chain polymers,both natural and synthetic 3) The joining of soil colloids into a small group of soil particles,or the deposition or settling out of suspension of clay particlesin salt water are examples of flocculation-G-Gallery : 1) Galleries are horizontal or nearly horizontal underground passages 2) A subsidiary passage in a cave at a higher level than the mainpassage can be called gallery Gateway : 1) A road or way underground for air, water, or gene ral passage iscalled gateway 2) Gateway is also called gate road, main brow, trail roadGrinding : 1) There are two types of grinding; wet, dry grinding2) An additive (aid) to the charge in a ball mill or rod mill toaccelerate the grinding process 3) There are three main types of grinding mills; ball, rod, and tubemills-H-Hand picking : 1) In hand picking method up to 30% of waste rock is removed 2) In hand picking method removal of wastes take lots of time 3) In some mines hand picking method is used to collect coal Haulage : 1) In haulage cars are for surface or mine shaft operations and used tocarry ore and equipment to and from the digging site 2) In the early days chains were used in haulage in and around mines 3) A worker fully employed on the haulage system in a mine is calledhaulage handHeadframe : 1) Headframe is also called gallows frame, hoist frame, headstocks 2) Headframe includes all the raised structure around the shaft thatis used for loading and unloading cages 3) H eadframe is found at the top part of the shaftHelmet : 1) There are lamps connected to helmets 2) Helmets are the main safety devices in mines Hoisting : 1) The section of a mine shaft used for hoisting the mineral to thesurface is called hoistling compartment 2) Winding in a mine is a kind of hoisting 3) The capacity of the hoisting mechanism on a drill machine in termsof kilograms, tons is named hoisting powderHumidity : 1) The water-vapor content of the atmosphere is called humidity2) Humidity can be expressed as the mass of water per unit and percentage, ratio 3) There are two types of humidity; absolute, relative humidityHydraulic Transport : 1) Hydraulic transport includes hydraulic hoisting2) Long distance pipeline used for hydraulic transport ofcoal, gilsonite, copper concentrates and similarmaterials 3) Hydraulic transport is a continious tranport system which is especially used in large coal mines -I-Inclination : 1) Inclinator is the instrument to determine the inclinat ion of themagnetic field 2) As the maximum angle is approached in inclination, the rate ofhandling of bulk material is usually decreased 3)Declination and inclination are similar to each other Incline: 1) An incline shaft sunk at an inclination from the vertical, usuallyfollowing the dip of a lode 2) Plane, whether above or beneath the surface is incline ( slope)Isomorphism : 1) Carbonate minerals of the aragonite group are good exampleof isomorphous minerals 2) Having similar crystalline form is called isomorphism -J-Jigs : 1) Self-acting inclined track used to lower filled coal tubs and raise emptyis called jig brow 2) In jigs the difference in specific gravity, in a pulsating water medium areused 3) A pin is used in jigs to prevent the turning of the turn beamsJunctions : 1) In ventilation surveys, where three or more airways meet is calledjunction 2) The union of two lodes is a junction3) Junction is the point where two or more passageways intersecthorizontally or vertically-L-L evel : 1) Levels are commonly spaced at regular depth intervals and are eithernumbered from the surface or designated by their elevation below thetop of the shaft 2) In pitch mining, there may be a number of levels driven from the sameshaft, each being known by its depth from the surface or by the nameof the bed or seam in which it is driven 3) In speleology, a series of related passageways in a cave, occurring atthe same relative, vertical position is called levelLocomotive : 1) The locomotive may be powered by battery, diesel, compressed air 2) Locomotive are used to move empty and loaded mine cars inand out of the mine-M-Magnetic separator : 1) The crushed material is conveyed on a belt past amagnet and separated by magnetic separator2) In magnetic separator the difference of magnetism ofsubstances are used for separation 3) Magnetic separator is very important in the process ofbeneficiation of iron ore Malleable : 1) Copper and gold are mallable minerals 2) Minerals are malleab le when slices cut from them may beflattened out under a hammer 3) Mineral which can be plastically deformed under compressivestress is mallableMetal : 1) Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity 2) Metals are malleable and ductile, possesses high melting and boilingpoints, and tends to form positive ions in chemical compoundsMine : 1) There are severel kinds of mines such as ore, metal, or coal 2) The term mine is applied to underground workings having a roof ofundisturbed rock 3) The terms mine and coal mine are intended to signify any and all partsof the property of a mining plant, either on the surface or undergroundMine car : 1) There are six types of mine cars; The solid or box type, rollerdump type, gable bottom car, the Grandy car, bottom dump carand end dump car 2) Mine cars are loaded at production points and hauled to the pitbottom or surface in a train by locomotives or other powerMineral : 1) Any natural resource extracted from the earth for human use iscalle d mineral 2) Ores, salts, coal, or petroleum are some examples of minerals 3) In flotation, valuable mineral constituents of ore as opposed togangue minerals-O-Ore : 1) The term ores is sometimes applied collectively to opaque accessoryminerals2) Zone of rock rich in ore is called ore bandOrebody : 1) Values of ore body is found by evaluation process 2) Exploration is donr to locate orebodyOutburst : 1) The occurrence of outburst is violent and may overwhelm theworkings and fill the entire district with gaseous mixtures 2) Floor burst is a type of outburst generally occurring in longwallfaces and preceded by heavy weighting due to floor liftOverflow : 1) A system fitted to a drag suction hopper dredge which dispersesentrained gases from the overflow in a settling tank and dischargesthe degassed overflow below the surface is called antiturbitiyoverflow system-P-Panning : 1) Panning is a technique of prospecting for heavy metals 2) In panning the lighter fractions are washed away, lea ving the heavymetals behind 3) Panning process is for heavy metals such as gold, etc. Eva Luna EssayParachute : 1) Parachute is a safety device used in shafts 2) In the case of rope breakage parachute reduces the velocity offall 3) Parachutes can be installed to shaftsPelleziting : 1) Pelletizing is a step in agglomeration processPillar : 1) Pillars are normally left permanently to support the surface or to keepold workings water tight 2) The area of the shaft pillar is considerably greater than the surface arearequiring protection 3) Any large pillar entirely or relatively unbroken by roadways or airwaysthat is left around a property to protect it against water is called barrierpillarPolymorphism : 1) Polymorphism limited to two or three crystal classes isdimorphism or trimorphism 2) To crystallize in more than one crystal class is calledpolymorphism 3) Graphite, diamond, chaoite, and lonsdaleite are examples ofpolymorphious elementsPower plants : 1) Power plants produce energy for mine ; other facilities 2) Any device or machine which converts energy into some form of useful power, such as mechanical or electric power is called power plantProfit : 1) The ratio of profit is important in order to operate the mine 2) Simply profit is the money gained from a businessPulp density : 1) Pulp density is used in mineral processing 2) Pulp density has a marked effect on the recovery and grade ofconcentrate 3) if 5 cm3 of pulp weighs 15 g, then the pulp density is 3 g/cm3 -R-Railroad : 1) Usually railroads are used for transportation in mines2) Mine cars are carried by railroad3) Railroad is made of rails which form a trackRaise : 1) Raise climber is an equipment used in an opening 2) Excavating a shaft or steep tunnel upward is the process of raise 3) The connection of two level may be a winze or a raiseRamp : 1) An incline connecting two levels in an open pit or underground mineis called ramp 2) Ramp is a portion of a thrust fault that cuts across formationalcontacts in a short distanceRecovery : 1) A plant designed for separating diamond parti cles fromconcentrate by various processes is a recovery plant2) Recovery is a measure of mining or extraction efficiency. 3) Recovery is the percentage of valuable constituent derived froman oreRefrigeration : 1) A surface plant to form the protective barrier of frozenground in the freezing method of shaft sinking is calledrefrigeration plant 2) Refrigeration is in special application to mining, cooling of airbefore release in lowest levels of deep, hot mine 3) The process of absorption of heat from one location and itstransfer to and rejection at another place is called refrigerationRegulator : 1) Regulator is a ventilating device 2) Regulators are usually set in doors as adjustable, slidingpartitions that can be varied to the desired opening 3) Where possible, regulators are located on the exhaust side of asplit to minimize interference with trafficRoadway : 1) Roadway is an underground drivage2) Roadway is not steeply inclined3) Roadway may form part of longwall or bord-and-pilla r workings Rock : 1) An aggregate of one or more minerals is called rock2) Granite, shale, marble are examples of rock 3) In geology, the material that forms the essential part of the Earths solidcrust is names as rockRoof bolts : 1) Roof bolting consists of steel rods 2) A long steel bolt inserted into walls or roof of underground iscalled roof bolt 3) A steel plate, sometimes in combination with wooden headers orsteel straps are used in roof boltsRope : 1) The rope should be inspected daily, weekly 2) The life of rope is maximum two years3) In a rope there are six or more strands-S-Seam : 1) Seam is generally applied to large deposits of coal 2) A thin layer or stratum of rock separating two distinctive layers of different composition or greater magnitude is also called seam 3) A seam in a coalbed is at which the different layers of coal are easilyseparated Selective mining : 1) The object of selective mining is to obtain a relatively high- grade mine product 2) In general, select ive mining methods are applicable wherethe valuable sections of the deposit are rather large,comparatively few in number, and separated by relativelylarge volumes of waste 3) In coal mining, selective methods may be dictated bymarket demands and pricesShaft : 1) A shaft is provided with a hoisting engine at the top for handlingworkers, rock, and supplies 2) Shaft may be used only in connection with pumping or ventilating operations 3) A specially armored cable of great mechanical strength is used in theshaftShaking table : 1) In shaking table lateral shaking motion is given by means of asmall crank or an eccentric 2) Shaking table is shaken rapidly in a compounded to-and-fromotion by a vibrator 3) In ore dressing, flattish tables oscillated horizontally duringseparation of minerals fed onto shaking tablesShovel : 1) Shovel is any bucket equipped machine used for digging and loadingearthy or fragmented rock materials2) There are two types of shovels, the square-point and the round-po int3) Shovels are available with either long or short handlesSkip : 1) The skip is mounted within a carrying framework2) There is a bucket used for containing the material conveyed by a skip 3) Skip can also be adapted for personel ridingSlime table : 1) Slime table is used for the treatment of slime2) Slime table is an equipment used in slimingSpraying : 1) Spraying is a kind of remedy against dust 2) The spraying machine is mounted on wheels and operated bycompressed air 3) Spraying may be used for limewashing Stope : 1) A stope is the very antithesis of a shaft, tunnel, drift, winze, or othersimilar excavation in a mine 2) Stope, a room which is a wide working place in a flat mineStowing : 1) Stowing is a method of mining in which all the material of the vein isremoved 2) In stowing the waste is packed into the space left by the workingStrontium : 1) Strontium is found as celestite (SrSO4 ) and strontianite (SrCO3 )2) Strontium is majorly is used for color television picture 3 ) Strontium is a silvery white, alkaline earth metal-T-Tailings : 1) Tailings are used in washing,concentration, treatment of ground ore 2) Tailings machine is for sifting the tailings Tenor : 1) Tenor ( grade ) is a coal classification based on degree of purity 2) The relative quantity or the percentage of ore-mineral or metal content in an orebody is termes as tenor 3) Tenor is the classification of an ore according to the desired or worthless material in it or according to valueTie : 1) Ties are one of the transverse supports to which railroad rails arefastened to keep them to line, gauge, and grade2) Ties are made of either steel or woodTrack : 1) Track cable is a steel wire rope, usually a locked-coil rope thatsupports the wheels of mine cars 2) All railroad system and equipments in a mine is called track -V-Vein : 1) A mineral deposit, usually steeply inclined can be called vein 2) Also a narroy water way or a stream of water flowing in such a channelis a veinVentilator : 1) Ven tilators are a mechanical apparatus for producing a current ofair underground 2) Blowing or exhaust fan are some examples of ventilators 3) A small fan installed underground for ventilating coal faces orhard rock headings are called ventilation fans ( ventilators)Ventube : 1) Ventubes are made of steel, fiberglass, or coated fabric with thinwalls that can be easily connected2) Ventubes are used in mine ventilation to lead air wherever it isneeded -W-Wet cutting : 1) Wet cutting is a method of dust prevention 2) Wet cutting method is successful in seams up to1.22 m thick 3) In wet cutting water is delivered onto a moving cutter chain,through water pipes, and is carried into the cut where it isintimately mixed with the cuttingsWet drilling : 1) Wet drilling is needed to allay dust and danger ofpneumoconiosis 2) In rock drilling for blasting purposes, injection of water througha hollow drill is used and termes as wet drillingWinder : 1) Winder brake is an appliance or piece of equipme nt capable ofretarding or stopping cages in a shaft in an emergency 2) An electrically driven winding engine for hoisting a cage or cages up a vertical mine shaft is called winderWinding : 1) The operation of hoisting coal, ore, miners, or materials in a shaftis called winding 2) The machinery and equipment used to lower and raise loadsthrough a shaft are winding apparatusWinze : 1) When one is standing at the top of a completed connection theopening is referred to as a winze 2) A vertical opening driven downward connecting two levels in a mineis called winze3) Winze is a connection between two levels